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Self-assembly
Self-assembly is a process in which a disordered system of pre-existing components forms an organized structure or pattern as a consequence of specific, local interactions among the components themselves, without external direction. When the constitutive components are molecules, the process is termed molecular self-assembly.
Self-assembly can be classified as either static or dynamic. In ''static'' self-assembly, the ordered state forms as a system approaches equilibrium, reducing its free energy. However in ''dynamic'' self-assembly, patterns of pre-existing components organized by specific local interactions are not commonly described as "self-assembled" by scientists in the associated disciplines. These structures are better described as "self-organized".
== Self-assembly in chemistry and materials science ==
Self-assembly (SA) in the classic sense can be defined as ''the spontaneous and reversible organization of molecular units into ordered structures by non-covalent interactions''. The first property of a self-assembled system that this definition suggests is the spontaneity of the self-assembly process: the interactions responsible for the formation of the self-assembled system act on a strictly local level—in other words, ''the nanostructure builds itself''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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